Job Roles
Technical:
Director of photography:
Directors of Photography are important people in film productions. They make the film with its unique visual appeal, or look. They create the look using lighting, framing, camera movement, etc. They collaborate closely with the camera crew. After reading the screenplay, they meet with the Director to discuss the visual style of the film, and how it will be done, they would take pictures of the locations and show it to director, who will decide the overall look, but the DOP would have a large influence as he would be the 'artistic' character within, he would also order all the equipment lighting, etc that is needed for the visual look of the film. There is a lot of experience needed for this role as the video below explains, they have to work for a certain amount of time and have close experience with the DOP in order to be nominated and to be able to do the job, it requires a lot of work and pressure form all angles have to be handled. here are a few skills needed:
- have good technical knowledge of photo-chemical and digital processes
- know all about camera equipment
- have in-depth knowledge of lighting techniques and how to achieve them
- be able to take decisions quickly
- know about photography, painting and the moving image
- pay precise attention to detail
- be able to give and accept direction
- have excellent communication skills
Audio Technician:
Sound technicians operate audio equipment in movie productions. They record, synchronise or mix sounds such as music, voice or sound effects. Audio technicians bring together artistic and technical skills. They produce and manipulate sound through either analog or digital equipment. Sound technicians are responsible for the quality of the audio in commercial productions in areas such as brightness, contrast, volume and overall quality of the sound.The job duties of a sound technician may include all aspects of audio production, from creative and technical tasks such as recording and manipulating audio tracks. There is a quite large experience gap that needs to be filmed, and usually a training course is taken or working under a experienced audio technician to learn the ropes and understand how the equipment works, so a high degree of experience is needed as sound can have a huge impact on tv and film production.
Sound technicians operate audio equipment in movie productions. They record, synchronise or mix sounds such as music, voice or sound effects. Audio technicians bring together artistic and technical skills. They produce and manipulate sound through either analog or digital equipment. Sound technicians are responsible for the quality of the audio in commercial productions in areas such as brightness, contrast, volume and overall quality of the sound.The job duties of a sound technician may include all aspects of audio production, from creative and technical tasks such as recording and manipulating audio tracks. There is a quite large experience gap that needs to be filmed, and usually a training course is taken or working under a experienced audio technician to learn the ropes and understand how the equipment works, so a high degree of experience is needed as sound can have a huge impact on tv and film production.
Costume designer:
Costume Designers' work helps to define the overall ‘look' of TV productions and films and their role requires a great deal of expertise. They work closely with the Production Designer to make sure the costumes fit in with their overall vision and work with the chosen lighting and camera angles. During pre-production, Costume Designers break down scripts scene by scene to work out how many characters are involved and what costumes are required. Costume Designers must carry out research into the costume styles, designs and construction methods suitable for the time period, using resources such as libraries, museums and the Internet. They may also discuss costume and character ideas with performers, to see if they are comfortable in the costumes and how they will act and what impact int will have on the scene. There is relatively less experience needed in the other roles in the technical role of a production, however still, a few years of experience and proven to be a good costume designer, is required and also to have a creative mind set and know when to place the costumes in the plot and script, to have an impact with the costumes are what can make the difference between a character.
Editorial:
TV News Editor:
TV news editors work with reporters and producers to create final videos of the current news story that appear within a full broadcast. They handle all the footage and edit in a way that would suit with the reporters. They would take instructions form the production manager to how they want it edited, they will create the final clip, and they will edit any extra material that is given within the time. There are many roles, but some of them include. Managing reporters, choosing which stories to edit.. contacting and talking to contacts, following news from a round the world, and verifying the sources to the news. There is a quit a lot of experience needed to be editing news footage as it requires a lot of attention to detail as you have to get it perfect, as the news is a 'formal' program where people expect everything to be perfectly done. A degree or 2 years work experience is required as it is quite a challenging task to move into.
TV news editors work with reporters and producers to create final videos of the current news story that appear within a full broadcast. They handle all the footage and edit in a way that would suit with the reporters. They would take instructions form the production manager to how they want it edited, they will create the final clip, and they will edit any extra material that is given within the time. There are many roles, but some of them include. Managing reporters, choosing which stories to edit.. contacting and talking to contacts, following news from a round the world, and verifying the sources to the news. There is a quit a lot of experience needed to be editing news footage as it requires a lot of attention to detail as you have to get it perfect, as the news is a 'formal' program where people expect everything to be perfectly done. A degree or 2 years work experience is required as it is quite a challenging task to move into.
Film Editor:
The Editor works closely with the director, to ensure that the story flows from beginning to end, each shot is carefully chosen and edited into a series of scenes, which are used to create the finished film. Editors work long hours under pressure, in an edit suite. Editors often work on television drama, as well as on films. The Editor works closely with the Director before shooting begins, Editors check the technical standards, and the actors' performances, because scenes are shot and edited out of sequence, Editors may work on scenes from the end of the film before those at the beginning, and so they have to have a good understanding of the whole plot and story in order to edit successfully as one scene needs to flow into another. There are a few skills needed to become an editor there is no particular degree or work experience needed, however displaying these skills are required:
- Have wide experience of the post production process
- Be familiar with a variety of computer editing equipment
- Understand dramatic storytelling to create rhythm, pace and tension
- Be creative under pressure
- Have imagination and an understanding of narrative
- Have excellent communication and interpersonal skills
- Have highly developed aesthetic visual awareness
- Be able to lead a team
- Have patience and attention to detail
- Have good organisational skills
After effects editor:
These are editors that are similar to normal effects, however they are the editors that add special sounds, and visual effects to enhance the editing. They edit afterwards, they edit the final piece and they and additional things they think would make it better. They need more experience in sounds and editing as well, they are a mix between, a audio technician and a normal editor, so they need to have knowledge of both, so more experience is needed, they also need to make sure that the things included are talked about with the director and the production manager, and the overall producer(s). This also means that they have to add things that do not alter the story/plot, and also add things that make sense to the relevant scene. They need skills such as attention to detail, as they have to get the special effects perfect within the frames, as each second can count in editing. A degree in editing or having years of experience of editing normally and being known to be a good editor, is required you would usually move up from position of a normal editor, by working for a period of 3-10 years, depending on the knowledge and experience you gain.
These are editors that are similar to normal effects, however they are the editors that add special sounds, and visual effects to enhance the editing. They edit afterwards, they edit the final piece and they and additional things they think would make it better. They need more experience in sounds and editing as well, they are a mix between, a audio technician and a normal editor, so they need to have knowledge of both, so more experience is needed, they also need to make sure that the things included are talked about with the director and the production manager, and the overall producer(s). This also means that they have to add things that do not alter the story/plot, and also add things that make sense to the relevant scene. They need skills such as attention to detail, as they have to get the special effects perfect within the frames, as each second can count in editing. A degree in editing or having years of experience of editing normally and being known to be a good editor, is required you would usually move up from position of a normal editor, by working for a period of 3-10 years, depending on the knowledge and experience you gain.
Management:
Production Manager:
Production Managers are responsible for all the organisational aspects of production. They help the Producer to see what the Director is trying to achieve and helps them in ways such as financially and logistically. They prepare production schedules or script breakdowns, the Production Manager is the key person in producing a text they report directly to Producers. They work closely with all other heads of department to ensure that productions run smoothly, meet deadlines, and stay within budgets. You won’t need a specific qualification to become a Production Manager. However, a degree in a media-related will help as you will have the necessary information and background to be able to do the job. A variety of skills such as understanding camera work is required, all aspects of mise-en-scene have to be considered when being a manager, and also having a hand in editing will be a valuable asset to have. Have good communication to talk to each department and understand each other well. Being able to work under pressure is the most valuable skill you could have as you will be under constant pressure from the producers and the director, and also you will be in charge of budgeting so will have to know how to save money and know when the right time is to spend.
Production Managers are responsible for all the organisational aspects of production. They help the Producer to see what the Director is trying to achieve and helps them in ways such as financially and logistically. They prepare production schedules or script breakdowns, the Production Manager is the key person in producing a text they report directly to Producers. They work closely with all other heads of department to ensure that productions run smoothly, meet deadlines, and stay within budgets. You won’t need a specific qualification to become a Production Manager. However, a degree in a media-related will help as you will have the necessary information and background to be able to do the job. A variety of skills such as understanding camera work is required, all aspects of mise-en-scene have to be considered when being a manager, and also having a hand in editing will be a valuable asset to have. Have good communication to talk to each department and understand each other well. Being able to work under pressure is the most valuable skill you could have as you will be under constant pressure from the producers and the director, and also you will be in charge of budgeting so will have to know how to save money and know when the right time is to spend.
Location manager:
A location manager finds the locations for where the film will be shot, they will then report this back to the producers, directors and production managers. They search for the locations and it can take a long time to get a right location. they will start this process usually within the pre-produciton work, and also work closely with the director too see what their film wants to look like.The location manager also has to take in to consideration the times when they are shooting and ht e budget they have to film in these specific location, and also have to think about how the equipment is going to get their and also other external factors such as lighting and noise.Once they start filming they control and direct all the crews to make sure they got the shots the director intended and what also he thinks will be good. After the shoot, have to make sure that the location is cleaned and returned to the owners.
A location manager finds the locations for where the film will be shot, they will then report this back to the producers, directors and production managers. They search for the locations and it can take a long time to get a right location. they will start this process usually within the pre-produciton work, and also work closely with the director too see what their film wants to look like.The location manager also has to take in to consideration the times when they are shooting and ht e budget they have to film in these specific location, and also have to think about how the equipment is going to get their and also other external factors such as lighting and noise.Once they start filming they control and direct all the crews to make sure they got the shots the director intended and what also he thinks will be good. After the shoot, have to make sure that the location is cleaned and returned to the owners.
Creative:
Scriptwriter:
Script writers are the people who write the dialogue,/ story for the film, they work closely with the producer director and production manager, to give a sense of what they want the film to look like and then adapt the script accordingly, and adding additional things that they would want in it, creativity is the most valuable asset that they have.
The script and screenplay should be in depth and allow for everybody filming to have an understanding about how it's going to work, it should include characters that are playable by the actors but the characters are interesting and have characteristics that the audience would like, depending on their role, They are responsible for the plot and the backstory of the film, it has to be good in order for it to be a successful film, also the story should be set in a way that genre expects and what the audience go to see.
They produce high amounts of screenplays and only the best pone is picked by the producer. They have to work closely with the director to see how the script is going to be achieved, and what the final product will look like, also the producer may want to bring in a additional scriptwriter to see how that works, to bring in more ideas, or to help the original scriptwriter, scriptwriters are usually called upon rather than have a full time job, However there role is massive in making a good film.
They would need to have an in-depth understanding of story, plot and narrative. They need to understand the different ways that films affect audiences. Most importantly they must be able to demonstrate creative imagination and be able to bring to life the individuality of characters.
Script writers are the people who write the dialogue,/ story for the film, they work closely with the producer director and production manager, to give a sense of what they want the film to look like and then adapt the script accordingly, and adding additional things that they would want in it, creativity is the most valuable asset that they have.
The script and screenplay should be in depth and allow for everybody filming to have an understanding about how it's going to work, it should include characters that are playable by the actors but the characters are interesting and have characteristics that the audience would like, depending on their role, They are responsible for the plot and the backstory of the film, it has to be good in order for it to be a successful film, also the story should be set in a way that genre expects and what the audience go to see.
They produce high amounts of screenplays and only the best pone is picked by the producer. They have to work closely with the director to see how the script is going to be achieved, and what the final product will look like, also the producer may want to bring in a additional scriptwriter to see how that works, to bring in more ideas, or to help the original scriptwriter, scriptwriters are usually called upon rather than have a full time job, However there role is massive in making a good film.
They would need to have an in-depth understanding of story, plot and narrative. They need to understand the different ways that films affect audiences. Most importantly they must be able to demonstrate creative imagination and be able to bring to life the individuality of characters.
Director:
Directors are the creative force in a film's production - visualising and making the visual aspect of the film come to life, they have to have an artistic view point and also understand camera language very in depth and understand the impact they can have. Some of their responsibilities are casting, script editing, shot selection and editing. they are the crucial link between all the different teams and they are overall 'boss' of the whole film, they control everything and 'make' the film in their own way, and have some input from the producer if they have a specific request, but the director is the one who 'makes' the film, the producer is the funder.
Directors are solely responsible for how the film looks and the script that they receive is what they work with, and they have to have an artistic mind and be imaginative to bring the script into shots and then into scenes and then into a whole film, they are responsible if the film receives good or bad reviews, Unfortunately however if they succeed the producer will take most of the credit, however if the film is not a commercial succes they will be the one to blame, they work really long hours. They may write the script themselves, but would usually hire a scriptwriter in order to have less worry over it, however they would still work closely with the scriptwriters to change a few things they want. They will make decisions in selecting the actors, the crew and the locations where they will be filming, and then carry out rehearsals to find the best actors for the film, and then once they have started filming direct how they want the actors to act/do. they will also oversee all the technical areas of the filming, the camera movement/angle shot types, the audio, lighting and editing. They are the overall manager and 'maker' of the film.
Directors are the creative force in a film's production - visualising and making the visual aspect of the film come to life, they have to have an artistic view point and also understand camera language very in depth and understand the impact they can have. Some of their responsibilities are casting, script editing, shot selection and editing. they are the crucial link between all the different teams and they are overall 'boss' of the whole film, they control everything and 'make' the film in their own way, and have some input from the producer if they have a specific request, but the director is the one who 'makes' the film, the producer is the funder.
Directors are solely responsible for how the film looks and the script that they receive is what they work with, and they have to have an artistic mind and be imaginative to bring the script into shots and then into scenes and then into a whole film, they are responsible if the film receives good or bad reviews, Unfortunately however if they succeed the producer will take most of the credit, however if the film is not a commercial succes they will be the one to blame, they work really long hours. They may write the script themselves, but would usually hire a scriptwriter in order to have less worry over it, however they would still work closely with the scriptwriters to change a few things they want. They will make decisions in selecting the actors, the crew and the locations where they will be filming, and then carry out rehearsals to find the best actors for the film, and then once they have started filming direct how they want the actors to act/do. they will also oversee all the technical areas of the filming, the camera movement/angle shot types, the audio, lighting and editing. They are the overall manager and 'maker' of the film.
Graphic Designer:
A graphic designer, produces different types of ways communicating and
idea or showing something, they usually work on logo's and marketing areas
for companies. In the media industry they will create
posters, adverts, and logo's and things that are got to do with marketing
the product and advertising the film that is made, they are the
overall designer of how the film will
be portrayed to the audience, they work closely with
editors, but are usually separate in their own
department, they will need a creative mindset. Graphic designers
create visual pieces of work usually through computer software, to
create and portray and idea that the client has, so for in the
media industry it would be to advertise and show the film that
they have made, they design everyhitng, form the layout to the
font size, colour etc. They are important in selling products
and design brochures and logo's etc. They are really important
for advertising, and so they work closely with people in the
media industry.
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